Citizen science, sometimes called participatory research, participatory science, or even community science, is a collaboration between members of the public and professional scientists in research projects.

Public participation can take many forms, from collecting data to co-developing research questions. Citizen science addresses a variety of research questions. While many projects are related to the environmental sciences, there are also citizen science projects related to astronomy, health and the social sciences. The size and scope of citizen science projects also vary greatly. Some projects are local, while others are international.

Many citizen science projects are being conducted across Canada. The House of Commons Standing Committee on Science and Research conducted a study on the role and value of citizen scientists.

Witnesses highlighted the many positive contributions of citizen science. First and foremost, citizen science has led to significant scientific advances. In addition, it has broader positive impacts on society, including promoting scientific literacy and helping to combat the spread of disinformation. Data and discoveries from citizen science are used by governments to develop better public policy, especially in the area of environmental protection.

Citizen science studies are ideal for carrying out investigations with long timelines and broad geographical scope, features that are difficult or impossible to include in studies funded through normal funding cycles. Another important strength of citizen science, mentioned by several witnesses, is its cost-effectiveness. The participation of many volunteers and the use of mobile applications or technologies that make it easy to share information have greatly reduced the cost of data collection. These strengths make citizen science an effective option for the government.

Witnesses also spoke about equity, diversity and inclusion; the participation of Indigenous communities in citizen science projects; data management; and support for citizen science.

In light of the evidence, the Committee made five recommendations to the federal government to support citizen scientists.