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Appendix B - Prorogations of the Parliament of Canada From 1867 to the Present

Parliament	Prorogation	Date of prorogation	Date of return	Prime Minister at the time of prorogation[1]	Political Affiliation	Majority or Minority
43^rd Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	2020-08-18	2020-09-23	The Right Hon. Justin Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority
42^nd Parliament	No Prorogation	N/a	N/a	The Right Hon. Justin Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
41^st Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	2013-09-13	2013-10-16	The Right Hon. Stephen Harper	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
40^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	2009-12-30	2010-03-03	The Right Hon. Stephen Harper	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative minority
40^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	2008-12-04	2009-01-26	The Right Hon. Stephen Harper	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative minority
39^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	2007-09-14	2007-10-16	The Right Hon. Stephen Harper	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative minority
38^th Parliament	No Prorogation	N/a	N/a	The Right Hon. Paul Martin	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority
37^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	2003-11-12	2004-02-02	The Right Hon. Jean Chrétien	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
37^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	2002-09-16	2002-09-30	The Right Hon. Jean Chrétien	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
36^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1999-09-18	1999-10-12	The Right Hon. Jean Chrétien	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
35^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1996-02-02	1996-02-27	The Right Hon. Jean Chrétien	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
34^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1991-05-12	1991-05-13	The Right Hon. Brian Mulroney	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
34^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1989-02-28	1989-04-03	The Right Hon. Brian Mulroney	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
33^rd Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1986-08-28	1986-09-30	The Right Hon. Brian Mulroney	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
32^nd Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1983-11-30	1983-12-07	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
31^st Parliament	No Prorogation	N/a	N/a	The Right Hon. Joseph Clark	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative minority
30^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1978-10-10	1978-10-11	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
30^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1977-10-17	1977-10-18	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
30^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1976-10-12	1976-10-12	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
29^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1974-02-26	1974-02-27	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority
28^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1972-02-16	1972-02-17	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
28^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1970-10-07	1970-10-08	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
28^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1969-10-22	1969-10-23	The Right Hon. Pierre E. Trudeau	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
27^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1967-05-08	1967-05-08	The Right Hon. Lester B. Pearson	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority
26^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1965-04-03	1965-04-05	The Right Hon. Lester B. Pearson	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority
26^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1963-12-21	1964-02-18	The Right Hon. Lester B. Pearson	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority
25^th Parliament	No Prorogation	N/a	N/a	The Right Hon. John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative minority
24^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1961-09-29	1962-01-18	The Right Hon. John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
24^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1960-08-10	1960-11-17	The Right Hon. John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
24^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1959-07-18	1960-01-14	The Right Hon. John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
24^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1958-09-06	1959-01-15	The Right Hon. John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative majority
23^rd Parliament	No Prorogation	N/a	N/a	The Right Hon. John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative Party of Canada	Progressive Conservative minority
22^nd Parliament	End of session 5	12-04-1957	N/a	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
22^nd Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1957-01-08	1957-01-08	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
22^nd Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1956-08-14	1956-11-26	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
22^nd Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1955-07-28	1956-01-10	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
22^nd Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1954-06-26	1955-01-07	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	End of session 7	1953-05-14	N/a	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	Between sessions 6 and 7	1952-11-20	1952-11-20	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	Between sessions 5 and 6	1951-12-29	1952-02-28	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1951-10-09	1951-10-09	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1951-01-29	1951-01-30	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1950-06-30	1950-08-29	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
21^st Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1949-12-10	1950-02-16	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
20^th Parliament	End of session 5	1949-04-30	N/a	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority[2]
20^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1948-06-30	1949-01-26	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
20^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1947-07-17	1947-12-05	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
20^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1946-08-31	1947-01-30	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
20^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1945-12-18	1946-03-14	The Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
19^th Parliament	End of session 6	1945-04-16	N/a	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
19^th Parliament	Between session 5 and 6	1945-01-31	1945-03-19	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
19^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1944-01-26	1944-01-27	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
19^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1943-01-27	1943-01-28	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
19^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1942-01-21	1942-01-22	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
19^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1940-11-05	1940-11-07	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
18^th Parliament	Between session 5 and 6	1939-09-13	1940-01-25	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
18^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1939-06-03	1939-09-07	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
18^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1938-07-01	1939-01-12	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
18^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1937-04-10	1938-01-27	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
18^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1936-06-23	1937-01-14	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
17^th Parliament	End of session 6	1935-07-05	N/a	The Right Hon. R.B. Bennett	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
17^th Parliament	Between sessions 5 and 6	1934-07-03	1935-01-17	The Right Hon. R.B. Bennett	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
17^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1933-05-27	1934-01-25	The Right Hon. R.B. Bennett	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
17^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1932-05-26	1932-10-06	The Right Hon. R.B. Bennett	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
17^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1931-08-03	1932-02-04	The Right Hon. R.B. Bennett	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
17^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1930-09-22	1931-03-12	The Right Hon. R.B. Bennett	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
16^th Parliament	End of session 4	1930-05-30	N/a	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority[3]
16^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1929-06-14	1930-02-20	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
16^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1928-06-11	1929-02-07	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
16^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1927-04-14	1928-01-26	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority*
15^th Parliament	No Prorogation	N/a	N/a	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King and The Right Hon. Arthur Meighen	Liberal Party of Canada and Conservative Party of Canada	Liberal minority[4]
14^th Parliament	End of session 4	1925-06-27	N/a	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority[5]
14^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1924-07-19	1925-02-05	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority*
14^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1923-06-30	1924-02-28	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority*
14^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1922-06-27	1923-01-31	The Right Hon. W.L. Mackenzie King	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal minority*
13^th Parliament	End of session 5	1921-06-04	N/a	The Right Hon. Arthur Meighen	Unionist	Unionist majority[6]
13^th Parliament	Between session 4 and 5	1920-07-01	1921-02-14	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Unionist	Unionist majority*
13^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1919-11-10	1920-02-26	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Unionist	Unionist majority*
13^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1919-07-07	1919-09-01	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Unionist	Unionist majority*
13^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1918-05-23	1919-02-20	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Unionist	Unionist majority*
12^th Parliament	End of session 7	1917-09-20	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
12^th Parliament	Between session 6 and 7	1916-05-18	1917-01-18	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
12^th Parliament	Between session 5 and 6	1915-04-15	1916-01-12	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
12^th Parliament	Between session 4 and 5	1914-08-22	1915-02-04	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
12^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1914-06-12	1914-08-18	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative Majority
12^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1913-06-06	1914-01-15	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
12^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1912-01-04	1912-11-21	The Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden	Conservative Party of Canada	Conservative majority
11^th Parliament	End of session 3	1911-07-29	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
11^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1910-05-04	1910-11017	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
11^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1909-05-19	1909-11-11	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
10^th Parliament	End of session 4	1908-07-20	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
10^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1907-04-27	1907-11-28	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
10^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1906-07-13	1906-11-22	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
10^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1905-07-20	1906-03-08	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
9^th Parliament	End of session 4	1904-08-10	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
9^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1903-10-24	1904-03-10	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
9^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1902-05-15	1903-03-12	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
9^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1901-05-23	1902-02-13	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
8^th Parliament	End of session 5	1900-07-18	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
8^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1899-08-11	1900-02-01	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
8^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1898-06-13	1899-03-16	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
8^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1897-06-29	1898-02-03	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
8^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1896-10-05	1897-03-25	The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
7^th Parliament	End of session 6	1896-04-23	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir Charles Tupper	Liberal-Conservative[7]	Conservative majority
7^th Parliament	Between sessions 5 and 6	1895-07-22	1896-01-02	The Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell	Conservative	Conservative majority
7^th Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1894-07-23	1895-04-18	The Right Hon. Sir John Thompson	Liberal-Conservative and Conservative	Conservative majority
7^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1893-04-01	1894-03-15	The Right Hon. Sir John Thompson	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
7^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1892-07-09	1893-01-26	The Hon. Sir John Abbott	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
7^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1891-09-30	1892-02-25	The Hon. Sir John Abbott	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
6^th Parliament	End of session 4	1890-05-16	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
6^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1889-05-02	1890-01-16	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
6^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1888-05-22	1889-01-31	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
6^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1887-06-23	1888-02-23	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
5^th Parliament	End of session 4	1886-06-02	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
5^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1885-07-20	1886-02-25	Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
5^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1884-04-19	1885-01-29	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
5^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1883-05-25	1884-01-17	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
4^th Parliament	End of session 4	1882-05-17	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
4^th Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1881-03-21	1882-02-09	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
4^th Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1880-05-07	1880-12-09	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
4^th Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1879-05-15	1880-02-12	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
3^rd Parliament	End of session 5	1878-05-10	N/a	The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
3^rd Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1877-04-28	1878-02-07	The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
3^rd Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1876-04-12	1877-02-08	The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
3^rd Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1875-04-08	1876-02-10	The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
3^rd Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1874-05-26	1875-02-04	The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal Party of Canada	Liberal majority
2^nd Parliament	End of session 2	1873-11-07	N/a	The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie	Liberal Party of Canada	Conservative majority[8]
2^nd Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1873-08-13	1873-10-23	The Right Hon. Sir John a Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority*
1^st Parliament	End of session 5	1872-06-14	N/a	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
1^st Parliament	Between sessions 4 and 5	1871-04-14	1872-04-11	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
1^st Parliament	Between sessions 3 and 4	1870-05-12	1871-02-15	The Right Hon. Sir John a Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
1^st Parliament	Between sessions 2 and 3	1869-06-22	1870-02-15	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority
1^st Parliament	Between sessions 1 and 2	1868-05-22	1869-04-15	The Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald	Liberal-Conservative	Conservative majority

Source: “Appendix 6 Government Ministries and Prime Ministers of Canada Since 1867,”House of Commons Procedure and Practice, Third Edition, 2017; “Appendix 10 General Election Results Since 1867,” House of Commons Procedure and Practice, Third Edition, 2017. “Appendix 11 Parliaments Since 1867 and Number of Sitting Days,” House of Commons Procedure and Practice, Third Edition, 2017.

[1] For Parliaments where no prorogation occurred, the name of the prime minister is nonetheless provided.

[2] Like in 1926, even though the Liberals elected a minority of Members with 118, they were able to form a majority government with the support of Independent Liberal Members and a Liberal Progressive Member.

[3] Even though the Liberals elected a minority of members with 116, the Right Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King was able to form a government regarded as a majority with the support of Progressive Liberal members.

[4] Even though the Conservatives elected more members than the Liberals, the Right Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King, himself defeated in York North, Ontario, remained prime minister with the support of the Progressives. On 26 June, 1926, the prime minister asked the Governor General to dissolve Parliament and order a general election. The Governor General refused and Mr. Mackenzie King resigned. The Governor General subsequently asked the Right Hon. Arthur Meighen to form a government, which he did on 29 June, 1926, with the support of a minority of members. This government retained the confidence of the House for only three days and was defeated on 1 July, 1926. The 15^th Parliament was dissolved the following day.

[5] Although the Liberals elected 118 members, the minimum number required to have a majority of seats in the House, in the general election of 6 December, 1921, changes in political affiliation, resignations, by‑elections and deaths in office caused the Liberals to swing between a majority and minority of seats. The government formed by Mr. Mackenzie King was therefore considered the first minority government since 1867. The Liberals were able to govern with the support of the Progressives.

[6] On 12 October, 1917, the Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden formed a cabinet known as the Unionist government, which brought together Conservative, Liberal-Conservative and Liberal members of Parliament who supported conscription during the First World War. These members campaigned under the Unionist banner and were elected in the general election of 17 December, 1917. The results of the 1917 general election led to a majority Unionist government.

[7] Liberal-Conservative and Conservative members always sat together in the House of Commons and, if applicable, in the same government.

[8] On 5 November, 1873, the government led by the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald resigned as a result of the Canadian Pacific Railway scandal. On 7 November, 1873, the Liberals, led by the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, formed a government and the second Session was prorogued. The 2^nd Parliament was subsequently dissolved on 2 January, 1874.